Gene detail

Detailed information of XP_074636152.1 in Acropora palmata

Genomic Location: NC_133891.1:2141425...2163061
NR annotation: XP_044164174.1, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 32-like [Acropora millepora]
Species Acropora palmata · all data for this species · gene families

Gene Structure

More details in JBrowse

Sequence

CDS

XP_074636152.1

ATGGGTCTCAGAGAATCGAAACTTTCCTTTCTCTCCTACGAGGAAGCGACAAAGAGAGTGACAGATGATGAAATGCAACGCCTAAGACTGGCGTTTAAACGCTGTACTGGAGCTAGCGGATTTATGCCTCAACCGGCGTTTTCCCGAGAAGTTCTTGGAGATGGCGTCCCAAGTAAAGTCGCTGAGCATATTTATGCCGCGTTTGGGGGCACTAACAAGGGAATAACATTTCGAGATTTGCTCTGCGGTCTGGTTCTTCTCACTCGAGGCACACGTGAAGAAAAGATAAAATTTATTTTCAATATCTATTCTACTGATGGAGCATTTGTCAACAAAGACAACATGGAGAGTTTGATTTTGGGTTGTGATGGAGGAAATATTCCGCAGCCCGTCATTGATTGCTTCTCTGAGAATGATCGGCTGACATTCGAAGAGTTTTCCAATTGGTTAATAAAGAACCCAGATGTAACAACCTTGACAAGATGGCTGCTCTTTGTCAGCAATGGCTGTAGTATGCAGTTGACAGATAATAGTGAGACACCAACATTCTATCAGACTCTGGCTAGTGTTACACACTTACAAGAAACAGATGTAATGGAACTAGAGAAGAGATACTGGACACTTAAATCTGGGACAAAGACTGGCAAATTTGATCTGGAAATATTCACTTCTCTGGTGTCTCCTCCCATTCCTCGATGTCTTTGTCCAGGGCTCTTTAGTGCTTTTGATGAAAATCAAGATGGCCACATTGATTTTCGAGAATTAGCTTGTGGTATATCCAAATGTTGTAGAGGCCCAAATTCTGAACGACAAAAATTCTACTTTAGAGTTTTTGATTCTGATGGAGATGGATTCCTTACAAGAAGTGATATTGAAGTGATGTGCAAAGCTCTCATTGAAATAAGAAAAGAAAATATTGGAGAAAAGGATGCGAGTGTCATCTGGGATAAGGACTTGTGTTTAGTAGCTGCAGAAATACTTAGTGACTGCAGAAAAGATGAGGATGGTCAAATCAGTCTAGAGGAATACAAAGAGTGGGCTGCCAGTCGATCATTTTCTCAATGGTTTCCTAAGTTGTTAGTCCAGGTCTGTCATGTTGTTTTGGGATTGAAGCCTCTAACCAGAGAGGTCGAGCGACAAGTTATAAGAGGGTGGCTTGAACGTGAGTACCAGCATGATCTCAAAGCAAATACCATTTGGTATCTGGTCGCTATATCTTGGTGGAGGATTTGGAAAGAGTACCTCAGTTATCAGCCTTACATAAGACGGAGCTCCACTGGTACGATGACTGAAAATGGAACACTGCCCAATAGACTAAATGAAGGCCACATGATGCCTGGAAACCCAGGACAAGCATGGGGCAATAAATCAAGTCAGAAGCCATTCACCTTACCACGACGCACATCCCAACCTGCATTTAATCATGGACAGATGGCAGTGAGTCCTTCTGGTGCCATGAACGGTCACTGTGTGCAGGGGACAGTGTGTGGCACCCAGGTCCCAGGGCCTATCGATAATGTCCCACTAGTTGAAACTGAAACACGCAAGGTCATGGTCCTTACTGGTGAAGGAGGTAAATTAAAATGTAACATTCCCTTGTGTAGGGGAAGAGATTTTGAAATAATCCCTGAACCTGTGTGGAGAGCGCTGCAGCAGTGGTATGGAGGTGGACCAGCTCTTCCTAGAACGGTCATTTCACCAACCAATGGTGATCCAAACCCAGAGTTAGAGCTTTATCCAATCTCCCTGAGGCTTTTTCGTCATTCTCCTCCTCCGACACGTGGGGGCATCACAACATGGACAGGAGTCGGCTTTGGGCTGAATGGCTTTGGTTTTGGTGGCAATACTTTGACCACTCCCCATGCCCCACCCAAGAGGTACCTCGCTTATGTGGCTGCTTTTAGTCGAATGAACACCATACAGCAGGTTTATGATTATCTTTGTACAAGGCTTAGAATTCGCAATGAAGACATGCGTCTCTGGAGCATGGAGGATGAGAGCAAATTACGACTACTAGAGGAAGACAATTCTACCCTTGAAACCTTGGAAATTCATGGTAATCATGCCGTCCTTATTGAAGTTCGAAATAGAGATATGAGTTGGCCAGAAGAGATGTCATCTTTAGCAAATAATAGAAGTCTCAGGGAAAAGCTGAATTTAGAACCTACAGAAAAGGGAGCCACTGGTCTTAGTAATCTAGGAAATACCTGCTTCATGAACTCTGCTCTGCAGTGTCTCAGCAATACTCAACCTTTAACTCAGTACTTTACAACCAAATGCCATTTATATGAACTTAATAGGACAAATCCTTTAGGAATGAAAGGCCACATAGCTCGCCGATATGGAGACCTTGCCCAAGACTTGTGGAGTGGCAGCTCACGTAGCTTGGCTCCACTGAAACTTAGGTGGACAATTGGCAGATATGCACCTAGATTTAATGGATTCCAGCAGCATGACTCTCAGGAATTCCTGTCATTTCTTTTGGATGGTTTACATGAAGATTTGAATAGAGTTCATCTCAAGCCTTATGTTGAACTAAAGGATAGTGATGGTAGACCAGATGAAGAAGTGGCTCATGAGGCATGGGACAATCACCTTAAGAGAAATCAGTCAGTGGTTGTTGACCTTTTTCAAGGCCAGCTCAAGTCTCAAGTGAGATGTGTAGAATGTGGTTATGTCAGTGTTCGCTTTGATCCCTTCACCTTTCTGTCTCTTCCCTTGCCGATGGACAACTCAATTTATGTGGAAGTAATTGTCATCCACCTGGAGGGTACCACACCCACCAAGTACGGCCTTCTTCTTAACAATGATGACAGATACAAGGATGTTAAGAGAGAGTTATCCAAGTACTGTGGGCTCAGTTGCTCGCAGCTTCTTCTGGTTGAGATATTTGGAGCTTCTGTCAAGAGTTTGCCATCAGACATGCAGAAGATTCGCACAGCTCTAGCTGGATTGCTTTATGCTTATGAAATCCCTCTTCCTACAATAAGTTGTGAGGATGAAAGTAGCTCTTCCACGACTCCCGTCACTGAAGAAGAAAAGGCGTTGTGTAATGCATACTCAGTAGAATGTGATAATCAGATTTCAGCAAATCAAACAGACACTTCTAGAAGGAAAAATATATCAAACAACGAAGAATCAGAGGTGAAAGAAAGCAAGTGCCCAGGGACTAATTCTCAAGTTAGCACTGAAGTAACTGACACCAAACTGAAAGTACAAGATGATTGGTTTGGAGAAGCAGCAAAGAATAAGAAAAAAGTGTCATCAAGCCCTATTAGGAGACTGAGCCCAAAGCTTCCCAAAAGGATCAGTCCTAAGTTCAACAAAGGGTTTGGCAGCCTTAGTGCTACACTTAGGAAGACTTCACATTCTTTATCATCAATGGAATTGACGGAAGGAACTTATGTTTCAAATTCTGATTCTGGTATCAGTTTAAGTGCGGAAAATTCTCCCACTAATAGGACTCATTCAGTCCCTGCAAGTTCATGTGCTGTGTCAAGAAATCCAAGTGATTCTTGCACACCAATAGCAGGACCAGCTTCATATCTGGGATACTGTTTTAGGGGATTTGCTGTTGCAATGCACAGAAAAACAATCCGGTTAGATGCTTATTTCCTTGCACCACAAAAGAATCGGCCTGGTTTGTTTGGAATACCTGTTATAGTACCCTGTACTTCTCAAACGAGACAGTGTGATCTGTACGAAGGAGTCTGGATTCAAGTGGCTAGGCTACTGAGCCCACCAGCACCTGGAGACACAAACTGTAAAGATGGGGATTTGGGCGATTATCCATTTGAGCTGCGGGCAGTTCAGAAGGATGGTCTCACATGTGCTTGGTGTCCTTGGTACAGATTCTGCCATGGTTGCTTAATCAAATGCAGTGAACAAGAATTTAGTTGCGGCAGCTCATACATAGCCATAGAATGGGATCCTACCACACTTCATCTCAGATATCAGAGCTCACAGGAAAAAGTTTCTACTGAACACGAAAGTGTGGAGAGAAGCAGGAAACTGCAAACAGAACCAATTGATTTGTACGAATGCCTCAGAGCGTTTACTAAAGAAGAAGAACTTGGAGAAGATGAATTATGGTACTGCAACAAATGTAAGAAACACAGATTAGCAGTGAAGAAGCTTGATATATGGAGTCTACCGCCGATTTTGATTATTCACTTGAAAAGGTTTCAATTTGTTAACGGTCACTGGGTGAAGTCAAATAAGATAGTGCAGTATCCAATGGAAGGTTTCGACCCATCAGCGTTCTTAGCCAAACCATTCGCAGATACGCCTGCCACTGAATCAACCGTGACCACATTGACTGTGAAAAGCCTGGAGGGACATGAGGCCGACGAGGAGACTGGCGAGAGAAAAGAACCGAATTGCATTCATAGGAGCGAGGAGTCACCCTCGCAGAGCTTGGGAGAGTTAAGTTCAAGTCAAGTTGAACTCAACCAGAACAGCAAGCCCCCCTCGCGCCAGTCTTCCTGTTTAAGCCTCAACATGGCTAAAGTCCACCCGGAAGTGACGTCAGAGAATCAAGCAGCATTCACGCCAGTCGAGATTCCAAATCCTTCCAATGGCGTGGGCTTGGAATCTAGTGATGCCGGCCATACTCATCGCGATGGTAATCGTGAGGTGTTAGCCGCTTCAAGGCGTGAAGGCCCACAAAGTGAAATTCCAACGTACAAGATATACGCTATGTCGTGTCACACAGGTGTGTTGGGTGGAGGTCACTACATCACTTATGCACACAATCCAAACAACAGATGGTACTGTTACAATGACAGCAGCTGTAAGGAATGTGACAACAGCAAGCTTCAGAAAGACTCGCCGTACATGTTGTTTTATCAACAAGAAGATCTGGACAAAAGGACATTTCTTCCCAACTTTAACGGACAAACTCCAGACTCCGCCAGCGATGACGAGGAATATGAAAATGAGGTTAAACGACTTTGTGTCATCCAATGA

Protein

UniProt (Swiss-Prot top hit)

UniProt accession	Description
Q8NFA0	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 32 OS=Homo sapiens OX=9606 GN=USP32 PE=1 SV=1
F8VPZ3	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 32 OS=Mus musculus OX=10090 GN=Usp32 PE=2 SV=1
M9PD06	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 32 OS=Drosophila melanogaster OX=7227 GN=Usp32 PE=3 SV=1

Gene family

Family type	Membership / link
Orthogroup (gene family)	OG0003552 (this species only)
Ubiquitin family	DUB\|USP\|USP · all ubiquitin genes in this species

Pfam domain

Pfam accession	Pfam name	Description	Type	Source
PF00443 all species →	UCH	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase	Family	Interproscan
PF13202 all species →	EF-hand_5	EF hand	Domain	Interproscan
PF13499 all species →	EF-hand_7	EF-hand domain pair	Domain	Interproscan
PF06337 all species →	DUSP	DUSP domain	Domain	Interproscan

InterPro

InterPro term	Type	Description	Source
IPR011992 all species →	Homologous_superfamily	EF-hand domain pair	Interproscan
IPR035927 all species →	Homologous_superfamily	DUSP-like superfamily	Interproscan
IPR002048 all species →	Domain	EF-hand domain	Interproscan
IPR006615 all species →	Domain	Peptidase C19, ubiquitin-specific peptidase, DUSP domain	Interproscan
IPR050185 all species →	Family	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase	Interproscan
IPR018247 all species →	Binding_site	EF-Hand 1, calcium-binding site	Interproscan
IPR001394 all species →	Domain	Peptidase C19, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase	Interproscan
IPR028889 all species →	Domain	Ubiquitin specific protease domain	Interproscan
IPR018200 all species →	Conserved_site	Ubiquitin specific protease, conserved site	Interproscan
IPR038765 all species →	Homologous_superfamily	Papain-like cysteine peptidase superfamily	Interproscan

PANTHER

PANTHER term	Description	Source
PTHR21646 all species →	UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE	Interproscan

Gene Ontology

GO term	Category	Description	Source
GO:0005509 all species →	Molecular Function	calcium ion binding	Interproscan
GO:0004843 all species →	Molecular Function	cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity	Interproscan
GO:0005794 all species →	Cellular Component	Golgi apparatus	Interproscan
GO:0016579 all species →	Biological Process	protein deubiquitination	Interproscan

Search by domain instead of by gene. Any accession above (InterPro, Pfam, PANTHER, GO, KEGG) can be used as a query on the Functional Domain Search page, which searches all 148 annotated genomes at once.

KEGG pathway

KO	Enzyme	Enzyme ID	Pathway	Map ID	Source
K11837	USP6_32; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 6/32	EC:3.4.19.12	Ubiquitin system	ko04121	deepkoala

Searching by KO or pathway ID across all species is available on the KEGG Pathway page.

Expression pattern (RNA-seq)

Transcript abundance of XP_074636152.1 across 84 RNA-seq samples of Acropora palmata. Values are TPM (transcripts per million) from the StringTie quantification; one bar is one sample, grouped and coloured by condition, sorted by expression within each group.

84Samples

73TPM > 0

2Conditions

36.3Max TPM

20.1Mean TPM

By condition

Condition	Samples	TPM > 0	Mean TPM	Max TPM	Mean, relative to max
all_coral_tissue · exposed	46	38	18.01	36.27
all_coral_tissue · baseline	38	35	22.62	36.29

Per sample · hover a bar for the full sample record · show / hide the sample table

SRA run	Condition	Tissue	Developmental stage	Treatment	Study	TPM
SRR8800105	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	36.27
SRR8800077	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	35.66
SRR8800097	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	35.43
SRR8800080	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	34.23
SRR8800056	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	34.12
SRR8800068	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	33.22
SRR8800045	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	32.75
SRR8800083	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	31.86
SRR8800099	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	31.76
SRR8800051	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	31.48
SRR8800093	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	30.93
SRR8800036	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	30.53
SRR8800092	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	30.21
SRR8800100	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	28.44
SRR8800079	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	28.04
SRR8800071	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	24.63
SRR8800073	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	24.53
SRR8800034	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	24.41
SRR8800044	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	22.66
SRR8800053	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	20.44
SRR8800038	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	20.11
SRR8800091	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	18.39
SRR8800033	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	17.32
SRR8800058	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	17.31
SRR8800063	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	16.40
SRR8800060	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	14.58
SRR8800062	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	13.39
SRR8800095	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	13.34
SRR8800088	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	12.52
SRR8800065	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	12.18
SRR8800047	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	10.83
SRR8800028	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	9.59
SRR8800040	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	9.03
SRR8800107	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	9.01
SRR8800087	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	8.82
SRR8800061	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	8.75
SRR8800026	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	7.70
SRR8800029	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	7.62
SRR8800027	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	0.00
SRR8800039	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	0.00
SRR8800042	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	0.00
SRR8800066	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	0.00
SRR8800075	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	0.00
SRR8800086	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	0.00
SRR8800089	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	0.00
SRR8800094	all_coral_tissue · exposed	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	exposed	SRP189781	0.00
SRR8800067	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	36.29
SRR8800035	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	34.89
SRR8800069	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	34.45
SRR8800098	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	33.96
SRR8800106	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	33.87
SRR8800074	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	33.62
SRR8800043	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	33.59
SRR8800057	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	32.94
SRR8800041	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	31.31
SRR8800078	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	31.20
SRR8800072	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	31.18
SRR8800109	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	30.61
SRR8800076	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	30.20
SRR8800096	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	29.76
SRR8800048	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	27.73
SRR8800101	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	26.75
SRR8800032	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	26.20
SRR8800049	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	25.59
SRR8800082	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	25.47
SRR8800037	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	25.39
SRR8800059	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	24.36
SRR8800050	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	24.07
SRR8800081	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	23.45
SRR8800108	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	22.12
SRR8800104	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	19.85
SRR8800055	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	16.85
SRR8800103	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	16.57
SRR8800046	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	14.76
SRR8800102	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	13.97
SRR8800085	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	12.94
SRR8800031	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	12.54
SRR8800090	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	12.28
SRR8800084	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	10.77
SRR8800070	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	10.30
SRR8800064	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	9.79
SRR8800030	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	0.00
SRR8800052	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	0.00
SRR8800054	all_coral_tissue · baseline	all_coral_tissue	not recorded	baseline	SRP189781	0.00

Source: CnidoSite RNA-seq expression matrices (APALM_TPM, StringTie quantification over 84 runs), joined to SRA sample metadata. Samples whose tissue/treatment is not recorded in the source metadata are grouped by the descriptor carried in the expression matrix itself.