Primer Design

Primers can be designed directly against the sequences annotated in CnidoSite, or against a sequence you paste in. Design is performed by primer3 (version 2.6.1) running on this server — your sequence is not sent to any third-party website. For reference, the primers released with this database were designed with an optimal melting temperature of 60°C (58–62 °C), an optimal primer length of 20 bp (18–24 bp), and a GC content between 40% and 60%, with self-complementarity restricted to limit primer-dimer formation; that parameter set is the CnidoSite published protocol preset below.

Template taken from CnidoSite: HSymV2.0_g12.22064_t1 (HSymV2.0_g12.22064_t1), 637 bp.
Template

Two ways to supply a template: pick a species and a gene / transcript ID, or paste your own sequence. If the gene ID is found it is used; the pasted sequence is used otherwise. A template must be at least 30 bp.

Load example sequence
Primer parameters
Advanced parameters (any field left empty keeps the preset value)

A value that is not a number is ignored. The product size range is applied only when both of its fields are filled in and the maximum is at least the minimum.

Melting temperature
Primer length and GC content
Product and output
Self-complementarity and probe
Download TSV
Design results sorted by primer3 penalty, lowest first

Template 637 bp · parameter preset CnidoSite published protocol (Tm 60 [58-62] °C, 20 [18-24] bp, GC 40-60%) · 5 primer pairs returned.

Pair Left primer (5'→3') Position Len Tm (°C) GC (%) Right primer (5'→3') Position Len Tm (°C) GC (%) Product (bp) Penalty
1 CTGTGGTTTTGTTCGCCCTG 217–236 20 59.969 55.000 GCACCTTGACATGGACAGGA 459–478 20 59.963 55.000 262 0.067
2 CTGTGGTTTTGTTCGCCCTG 217–236 20 59.969 55.000 AGCACCTTGACATGGACAGG 460–479 20 59.963 55.000 263 0.068
3 GCGTGTGTCGTTATGTCAGC 93–112 20 59.907 55.000 CAGGGCGAACAAAACCACAG 217–236 20 59.969 55.000 144 0.124
4 TGTCCAATGCAGCCATGGAT 159–178 20 60.033 50.000 TTTGACTTGCGCCAAATGCA 239–258 20 59.896 45.000 100 0.137
5 ATGTCCAATGCAGCCATGGA 158–177 20 60.033 50.000 TTTGACTTGCGCCAAATGCA 239–258 20 59.896 45.000 101 0.137
Primer map pair 1 (lowest penalty) · product 262 bp at template position 217–478 · the two tracks are drawn at different scales

Left primer — binds the template strand as listed (5′→3′)Right primer — its reverse complement binds hereProduct

Template637 bpproduct 262 bp · template 217–478product 262 bpleft primer, template 217–236right primer anneals here, template 459–4781160319478637Amplicon262 bpleft primer CTGTGGTTTTGTTCGCCCTG · 5′→3′right primer GCACCTTGACATGGACAGGA · its reverse complement binds the template strandinterior 222 bp217282348413478
Left primer
CTGTGGTTTTGTTCGCCCTG
template 217–236 · 20 bp · Tm 59.969 °C · GC 55.000 %
Right primer
GCACCTTGACATGGACAGGA
template 459–478 · 20 bp · Tm 59.963 °C · GC 55.000 %

Amplicon sequence (5′→3′ on the template strand, 262 bp) — blue is the left primer, red is where the right primer anneals. Copy from here to order or to check a base by eye.

CTGTGGTTTTGTTCGCCCTGTGTGCATTTGGCGCAAGTCAAAGCAATAAAAGCGGCCTTGCTTTAGGTTTTTTCATAATCATAGGGATCCTTGCCTTGTTTTTATTTGCGTGGCAAATCGCAGGTAGCGTATGGGTGTTTAAAGAATGGAAAAATTGGGATAATGTGAAAGACAGTAAAGAACATGGATGTCATAATGACACGTATTTGTTTGCATTCGCGATATTAATCATTTTCTGGATTTCCTGTCCATGTCAAGGTGC

The right primer is listed as its own 5'→3' sequence; what anneals to the template strand shown here is its reverse complement, so the highlighted stretch is complementary to the listed sequence. That is expected.

How to read this table. Position is a 1-based interval on the template, and both primers use the same convention: it is the stretch the primer occupies on the template strand (for the left primer, starting at its 5’ end; for the right primer, the region it anneals to, i.e. where the reverse complement of the listed sequence sits on the template). The two coordinates in a row can therefore be subtracted directly, and the amplicon view above marks both of them so you can check them by eye. Penalty is primer3’s weighted sum of the deviations from your constraints — lower is better, and the pairs are returned in that order. Tm is computed by primer3 from the SantaLucia thermodynamic parameters at the salt and primer concentrations in effect. The primer sequences themselves are 5’→3′ and can be ordered as they stand; the right primer anneals to the template as its reverse complement.

Specificity has not been assessed. This page only designs primers; it does not check whether they also anneal elsewhere in the genome or transcriptome. Once you have candidates, confirm each primer sequence with this site’s BLAST. The Tm and GC settings above are the design targets, and the annealing temperature still has to be optimised at the bench.

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