Primer Design

Primers can be designed directly against the sequences annotated in CnidoSite, or against a sequence you paste in. Design is performed by primer3 (version 2.6.1) running on this server — your sequence is not sent to any third-party website. For reference, the primers released with this database were designed with an optimal melting temperature of 60°C (58–62 °C), an optimal primer length of 20 bp (18–24 bp), and a GC content between 40% and 60%, with self-complementarity restricted to limit primer-dimer formation; that parameter set is the CnidoSite published protocol preset below.

Template taken from CnidoSite: amur_s0002.g74.t1 (amur_s0002.g74.t1), 3,588 bp.
Template

Two ways to supply a template: pick a species and a gene / transcript ID, or paste your own sequence. If the gene ID is found it is used; the pasted sequence is used otherwise. A template must be at least 30 bp.

Load example sequence
Primer parameters
Advanced parameters (any field left empty keeps the preset value)

A value that is not a number is ignored. The product size range is applied only when both of its fields are filled in and the maximum is at least the minimum.

Melting temperature
Primer length and GC content
Product and output
Self-complementarity and probe
Download TSV
Design results sorted by primer3 penalty, lowest first

Template 3,588 bp · parameter preset CnidoSite published protocol (Tm 60 [58-62] °C, 20 [18-24] bp, GC 40-60%) · 5 primer pairs returned.

Pair Left primer (5'→3') Position Len Tm (°C) GC (%) Right primer (5'→3') Position Len Tm (°C) GC (%) Product (bp) Penalty
1 CGATCGTTGCAAGCTTCGAG 2834–2853 20 59.976 55.000 AACAGGTTCGCCATTACCGT 2932–2951 20 59.964 50.000 118 0.060
2 CGATCGGGTGACTGGATAGC 2751–2770 20 60.039 60.000 CTCGAAGCTTGCAACGATCG 2834–2853 20 59.976 55.000 103 0.063
3 CGATTGGAATTCCTGCAGCG 2882–2901 20 59.971 55.000 GGCTTTCCTCGACAGCTCTT 3147–3166 20 60.037 55.000 285 0.065
4 AGTTGGCAAAGCGCTCAAAG 353–372 20 59.969 50.000 TTGCCTTGCGGATGTCAGAT 611–630 20 60.035 50.000 278 0.066
5 AGTTGGCAAAGCGCTCAAAG 353–372 20 59.969 50.000 ATTGCCTTGCGGATGTCAGA 612–631 20 60.035 50.000 279 0.066
Primer map pair 1 (lowest penalty) · product 118 bp at template position 2,834–2,951 · the template track shows a 1,500 bp window of the 3,588 bp template — the blue segment on the top bar is where that window sits, and every scale is in template coordinates · the two tracks are drawn at different scales

Left primer — binds the template strand as listed (5′→3′)Right primer — its reverse complement binds hereProductWindow drawn in the template track

whole templatethe 1,500 bp drawn in the track below · template 2,089–3,588 of 3,588Template1,500 bp windowproduct 118 bp · template 2,834–2,951product 118 bpleft primer, template 2,834–2,853right primer anneals here, template 2,932–2,9512,0892,4642,8393,2133,588Amplicon118 bpleft primer CGATCGTTGCAAGCTTCGAG · 5′→3′right primer AACAGGTTCGCCATTACCGT · its reverse complement binds the template strandCGATCGTTGCAAGCTTCGAGAACAGGTTCGCCATTACCGTinterior 78 bp2,8342,8632,8932,9222,951
Left primer
CGATCGTTGCAAGCTTCGAG
template 2,834–2,853 · 20 bp · Tm 59.976 °C · GC 55.000 %
Right primer
AACAGGTTCGCCATTACCGT
template 2,932–2,951 · 20 bp · Tm 59.964 °C · GC 50.000 %

Amplicon sequence (5′→3′ on the template strand, 118 bp) — blue is the left primer, red is where the right primer anneals. Copy from here to order or to check a base by eye.

CGATCGTTGCAAGCTTCGAGGTTGTCCTGGTAGTCAAATGACTGGCAGCGATTGGAATTCCTGCAGCGGTGAAGTATTCGTACTGTACTTGACCGGCTACGGTAATGGCGAACCTGTT

The right primer is listed as its own 5'→3' sequence; what anneals to the template strand shown here is its reverse complement, so the highlighted stretch is complementary to the listed sequence. That is expected.

How to read this table. Position is a 1-based interval on the template, and both primers use the same convention: it is the stretch the primer occupies on the template strand (for the left primer, starting at its 5’ end; for the right primer, the region it anneals to, i.e. where the reverse complement of the listed sequence sits on the template). The two coordinates in a row can therefore be subtracted directly, and the amplicon view above marks both of them so you can check them by eye. Penalty is primer3’s weighted sum of the deviations from your constraints — lower is better, and the pairs are returned in that order. Tm is computed by primer3 from the SantaLucia thermodynamic parameters at the salt and primer concentrations in effect. The primer sequences themselves are 5’→3′ and can be ordered as they stand; the right primer anneals to the template as its reverse complement.

Specificity has not been assessed. This page only designs primers; it does not check whether they also anneal elsewhere in the genome or transcriptome. Once you have candidates, confirm each primer sequence with this site’s BLAST. The Tm and GC settings above are the design targets, and the annealing temperature still has to be optimised at the bench.

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